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  1. Species
  2. ›
  3. Apodidae
  4. ›
  5. Hirundapus
  6. ›
  7. White-throated Needletail
White-throated Needletail
Photo · no rights reserved

BirdUp · Species

White-throated Needletail

Hirundapus caudacutus(Latham, 1801)

Updated 11 June 2026

Also known asMalki-malki

Conservation status: Least ConcernOrigin: Native
Order
APODIFORMES
Family
Apodidae
Genus
Hirundapus

At a glance

The White-throated Needletail is a medium-sized bird, about 20 cm long, listed as Least Concern and native to Australia. It can be seen year-round.

Size
20 cm
Conservation status
Least Concern
Origin
Native
Best seen
Year-round
Commonness
Very common
  • Identification
  • Where
  • When
  • Voice
  • Behaviour
  • Gallery

01 · Identification

How to tell it apart

What does a White-throated Needletail look like?

The White-throated Needletail is a medium-sized bird, about 20 cm long and weighing 101–140 g.

The white-throated needletail, also known as the needle-tailed swift or spine-tailed swift, is a large swift in the genus Hirundapus. It is reputed to reach speeds of up to 170 km/h (110 mph) in horizontal flight, but this is unverified because the methods used to measure its speed have not been published. 75 km/h (47 mph) is more likely, but this is still at least 100 times the bird's length per second.

Description · wikipedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

Field specs

Length
20 cm
Weight
101–140 g
Wingspan
48 cm

Measurements · avonet · CC BY 4.0

Field tips

behaviour

  • Groups often appear in large, swirling flocks high in the sky, frequently moving ahead of approaching storm fronts or low-pressure systems.

flight

  • Watch for incredibly fast, powerful flight characterized by long, scimitar-shaped wings and brief periods of rapid wing-flicking.

plumage

  • Watch for the stark contrast between the dark body and a bright white throat, alongside a white 'U-shaped' patch extending from the vent up onto the rear flanks.
  • In good light, a pale silvery-grey 'saddle' is visible on the center of the back, flanked by darker, glossier wings.

size_and_shape

  • The silhouette is distinctive for its robust, barrel-shaped body and a short, square-ended tail; the namesake spiny 'needles' are rarely visible in flight.

voice

  • Listen for a rapid, high-pitched metallic chattering or buzzing trill, often heard while the birds are wheeling high overhead.

03 · When

When to look

When can you see a White-throated Needletail?

The White-throated Needletail is present across its Australian range year-round, so it can be seen in any month.

  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec

04 · Voice

What it sounds like

Call

Rob Gordon · Mount Burr SA 5279, Australia

05 · Behaviour

Habits and haunts

What does a White-throated Needletail eat?

The White-throated Needletail feeds on terrestrial invertebrates, usually foraging in flocks.

06 · Gallery

Plumage up close

6 photos

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02 · Where

Where to find it

Where does the White-throated Needletail live in Australia?

The White-throated Needletail is native to Australia, recorded across 48 of Australia’s bioregions.

BreedingHimalayas from Pakistan to south China and central Siberia to north-east Russia and Japan

Non-breedingAU, NG, NZ

Distribution from BirdUp Australia community data

Legend

  • Breeding
  • Vagrant

8 regions recorded